A pendant made of musk deer fang with a round through hole in the wide part is a traditional decoration of the ancient peoples of the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. Researchers have managed to date this pendant to the period from the 4th to the 3rd century BCE. The decoration was included in the funerary equipment of the burial ground of the Tagar culture, or rather, its late stage.
This object was found in the village of Beya in the Republic of Khakassia. Rescue excavations were carried out in 2007 by a detachment of the Beya Archaeological expedition of the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The archaeologist Lyudmila Anatolyevna Sokolova supervised the activities of the researchers.
The Tagar, who lived in this territory in the 9th–3rd centuries BCE, were actively engaged in hunting. In the graves of this culture, researchers found jewelry and amulets made of musk deer, wolf and fox tusks, as well as tools made of bone and antlers of deer and other wild animals.
The musk deer, a representative of small even-toed ungulates of the northern hemisphere, often became the prey of the Tagar. This animal has a very unusual appearance: its head looks like a kangaroo, and fangs protrude from the jaw. It is a descendant of an extinct branch of ancient even-toed ungulates, which separated in evolution from ancient small tragulidae (mouse-deer), and then from real deer and bovidae. Fangs evolved only in male musk deer, they replaced their missing horns. The length of the fangs sometimes reaches nine centimeters. During the rut, male musk deer, fighting for supremacy, strike each other with their fangs. The damage received from an opponent can be very severe, to the point that the animal dies.
Ancient jewelry was made from all available improvised materials: shells, stones, flowers, bones and drilled animal fangs. Quite primitive bracelets, pendants, and beads were created. Such items were worn not so much for aesthetic purposes as for the practical ones: they were used as amulets and recognition marks.
Personal jewelry in the
burial complexes of the Tagar culture consisted of bronze tiaras, bead
necklaces and bracelets, imitation cowrie shells, bronze plaques, earrings,
mirrors, bone combs, and pendants made of fangs. In the second half of the
Tagar era, there were fewer decorations.



