The gold dinar was found on the banks of the AkhtUba River within the SelItrennoye archeological site in the KharabalInsky District of the Astrakhan region. The coin was bought by the Astrakhan Museum Reserve in 1971.
Scientists date the coin to 727 according to the Hegira Muslim calendar (years 1326 - 1327) and to Muhammad bin Tughluq ruling at Deli Sultanate.
Giyas ad-din Muhammad Shah II bin Tughluq (before accession to the throne his name was Jauna Khan) was the Sultan of Delhi in 1325-1351. He came to power after he orchestrated the death of his father, Sultan of Delhi, Giyas ad-din Tughluq Shah. He tried to carry out an agricultural reform, but due to too high taxes and corrupted officials, the reform failed. He tried to move the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, but this initiative also failed.
An accurate portrait of this Delhi Sultan has come to us. The famous Arab traveler Ibn Battuta who at one time traveled across the entire Islamic world from Morocco to China spent seven years at the court of Muhammad Tughluq. He left a vivid description of the Sultan, his character, his court, and the ruling methods he used.
Muhammad bin Tughluq was one of the most educated people of his time. His Persian and Arabic letters were considered a model of grace and were valued long after his death. He was a renowned calligrapher, knew Persian poetry well, remembered many poems by heart and quoted often and tastefully. He was equally interested in mathematics and physics, logic and philosophy of the Greeks.
The Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughluq spread over vast territories. However, the expansion of the country also required funding for military campaigns. The taxes were dramatically increased under Muhammad bin Tughluq, which resulted in leaving the villages by the peasants and uncultivated fields. To replenish the treasury, the ruler introduced a substandard coin made of copper and bronze, which had a negative impact on the country’s economy. However, at the same time, high-grade gold coins were also produced in the country - apart from India, such coins were minted at that time only in Egypt. The Golden Horde traded closely with the Delhi Sultanate, mainly with horses.
Scientists date the coin to 727 according to the Hegira Muslim calendar (years 1326 - 1327) and to Muhammad bin Tughluq ruling at Deli Sultanate.
Giyas ad-din Muhammad Shah II bin Tughluq (before accession to the throne his name was Jauna Khan) was the Sultan of Delhi in 1325-1351. He came to power after he orchestrated the death of his father, Sultan of Delhi, Giyas ad-din Tughluq Shah. He tried to carry out an agricultural reform, but due to too high taxes and corrupted officials, the reform failed. He tried to move the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, but this initiative also failed.
An accurate portrait of this Delhi Sultan has come to us. The famous Arab traveler Ibn Battuta who at one time traveled across the entire Islamic world from Morocco to China spent seven years at the court of Muhammad Tughluq. He left a vivid description of the Sultan, his character, his court, and the ruling methods he used.
Muhammad bin Tughluq was one of the most educated people of his time. His Persian and Arabic letters were considered a model of grace and were valued long after his death. He was a renowned calligrapher, knew Persian poetry well, remembered many poems by heart and quoted often and tastefully. He was equally interested in mathematics and physics, logic and philosophy of the Greeks.
The Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughluq spread over vast territories. However, the expansion of the country also required funding for military campaigns. The taxes were dramatically increased under Muhammad bin Tughluq, which resulted in leaving the villages by the peasants and uncultivated fields. To replenish the treasury, the ruler introduced a substandard coin made of copper and bronze, which had a negative impact on the country’s economy. However, at the same time, high-grade gold coins were also produced in the country - apart from India, such coins were minted at that time only in Egypt. The Golden Horde traded closely with the Delhi Sultanate, mainly with horses.
