John the Baptist, also known as Saint John the Forerunner, is one of the most revered saints in Christianity. According to the Gospels, he proclaimed Jesus to be the Messiah. Legend has it that John lived an ascetic lifestyle in the wilderness. There, he subsisted on locusts and wild honey and performed rituals, washing himself with water to repent and purify himself from sin. Later, this ritual became known as the sacrament of baptism. Saint John also baptized Jesus in the river Jordan.
Icon “Finding of the Head of John the Baptist”
John the Baptist, also known as Saint John the Forerunner, is one of the most revered saints in Christianity. According to the Gospels, he proclaimed Jesus to be the Messiah. Legend has it that John lived an ascetic lifestyle in the wilderness. There, he subsisted on locusts and wild honey and performed rituals, washing himself with water to repent and purify himself from sin. Later, this ritual became known as the sacrament of baptism. Saint John also baptized Jesus in the river Jordan.
John the Baptist was executed upon the request of the Jewish princess Herodias and her daughter, Salome. This event is commemorated by the feast of the Beheading of Saint John the Baptist. The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the feast on August 29. The day is always observed with strict fasting: meat, dairy, and fish may not be consumed.
Legend has it that the head of John the Baptist was discovered on three separate occasions: in the 4th century, in the mid-5th century and around the year 850. During the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great, it was found by two monks who went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. They saw a vision of John the Baptist who revealed to them the location of his head. From there, the relic was transferred to Emesa (now Homs, Syria) where it was hidden in a cave. The head was found again in 452, this time by Archimandrite Marcellus. Uranius, Bishop of Emesa, placed it in a monastery church.
The head was transferred from city to city and was
hidden again during a period of Muslim raids. It was miraculously found in the
mid-9th century. Legend has it that, while praying at night, Patriarch
Ignatius saw in a vision the place where the head of St. John had been hidden.
After that, it was transferred to Constantinople. In accordance with ancient
Christian tradition, the head of John the Baptist was broken into fragments.
This is why information about its fate is contradictory. However, thanks to the
three findings of the head, an extensive and diverse iconography has been developed.



