The icon of Our Lady of Theodorov became particularly venerated at beginning of the 17th century, after the end of the Time of Troubles when the throne was assumed by sixteen years old Mikhail I, the first representative of the Romanov dynasty. After the All-Russian Council was held in Moscow, the boyars organized an embassy, ​​took the miraculous icon of Our Lady of Vladimir from the The Cathedral of the Dormition of the Moscow Kremlin and the The icon of Our Lady of Theodorov from Kostroma for their visit to the Ipatiev Monastery. The nun Martha, the mother of Mikhail Romanov, blessed her son to reign with the icon of Our Lady of Theodorov, saying: ‘I entrust my son to you, Our Lady! May your blessing be upon him’.

March 27th, the day Mikhail Romanov ascended the throne, was declared by the Russian Church the festive day of the icon of Our Lady of Theodorov. Copies of the icon were spread throughout Russia. It was considered the prayer image of the tsars of the Romanov dynasty. Since the 18th century, it was continuously in the royal family’s residence at the Winter Palace of St. Petersburg.

For many centuries of Russian history, the icon of Our Lady of Theodorov was venerated as the patroness of power and statehood. From the end of the 18th century, after a foreign princess married the Russian Grand Duke and accepted Orthodoxy, she received the patronymic of Feodorovna. That was the destiny of Maria Feodorovna (wife of Paul I), Alexandra Feodorovna (wife of Nicholas I), Maria Fedorovna (wife of Alexander III), Alexandra Feodorovna (wife of Nicholas II) and Elizaveta Feodorovna (wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich).

Martyr empress Alexandra Feodorovna (wife of Nicholas II) especially venerated the icon of Our Lady of Theodorov. On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in Tsarskoye Selo, she established the Feodorovsky Cathedral (1909-1912) and small Feodorovsky town around it.