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Prophet Elijah's Fiery Ascension

Creation period
First half of the 19th century
Dimensions
114x95,6 cm
Technique
Wood, tempera
3
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#1
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Prophet Elijah’s Fiery Ascension
#2
Elijah is a prophet in the Old Testament; his hagiography is mentioned in the Third and Fourth Books of Kings. In Christian tradition Elijah the Prophet is considered as foreshadow of Christ and forerunner of John the Baptist who baptized the Savior. Elijah was especially venerated in Russia’s north, and his iconography originated from those regions. Fiery Ascension of Elijah the Prophet was painted more frequently in hermitages of the old believers for whom fire symbolizes absolution. 

The icon from the collection of the Rybinsk Museum Reserve was made in the first half of the 19th century, assumingly by craftsmen from Rybinsk or Yaroslavl. Even though the icon painting style popular at the time was the so-called fryazhsky or foreign style in the vein of West European temple artwork, that image was painted in the traditional style. The space is flattened by the absence of shadows. The objects are conventionalized, the folds of the clothing are painted with sharp broken lines, rather than being pictorial and soft. The events in the background are not toned down by a light haze symbolizing remoteness, and the background story appears on equal footing with the foreground details.
#6

Story of icon

#7
The stories from the prophet’s hagiography are depicted according to the rule of concurrent happenings. The central episode shows Elijah hiding in a cave from the anger of the queen during the draught hitting the territory of the Jewish Kingdom. That kind of icon design is considered one of the most popular on a par with those using the image of fiery ascension as centerpiece. 

According to legend, a black raven was bringing Elijah Lenten bread – the bread in the icon symbolizes communion bread, like the apparition of an angel holding a wafer and a jar with water. The icon also shows Elijah’s disciple prophet Elisha who crosses the river Jordan with him; the scene on the left shows Elisha picking up Elijah’s “milot”, sheepskin mantle. 

The craftsmen depicted the fiery chariot in the upper section of the icon in which the prophet is ascending the heavens and God the Father Sabaoth blessing Elijah.
#8

About paints

#9
The icon was painted in tempera, paints made of powder pigments mixed with yolk or whole egg. Usually, a small quantity of linseed oil is added to the mix in order to make the surface look glossy after the paint has dried. However, in our case, the icon masters apparently did without it because the halos show traces of gold leaves, and in the event of gilding, the paints were not mixed. The paint layer was entered onto the primer, special layer of glue and chalk, and covered with a coat of oil varnish, boiled linseed oil.
#10
The chariot fire and some elements of the prophet’s garments are painted in cinnabar. The red mercury pigment for that paint was sourced from the same-name mineral and produced a scarlet color with various shades from vermillion to crimson and even ochre-fiery, depending on the kind of additive used. Such paint was used to highlight elements carrying most important messages – in our case, the scene of Elijah’s ascension. 
 
The museum received the icon sometime between the 1920s to-1940s. At that time, museum workers were saving hundreds of family relics and ceremonial objects from deserted mansions of the nobility and territories flooded by the Rybinsk water-storage basin.
#11
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Prophet Elijah's Fiery Ascension

Creation period
First half of the 19th century
Dimensions
114x95,6 cm
Technique
Wood, tempera
3
Point your smartphone camera to open in the app
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To see AR mode in action:
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  5. Watch what happens on your phone screen whilst you flip through the pictures.
 
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