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Martyr Irais

Creation period
Early 20th century
Dimensions
22.4х18.2 cm
Technique
Wood, tempera
0
Open in app
#1
Yegorov V. Y.
Martyr Irais
#2
St. Irais lived in Alexandria, Egypt, in the 4th century AD. According to one account, when a child she made up her mind to be a nun. One day as walked out of the monastery to fetch water she saw ships with Christian sentenced to death. Irais, then 12 years old, openly declared that she was a Christian as well and voluntarily joined the martyrs. According to a different version, the guards seized her and took her aboard by force. The prisoners were brought to Antinopolis. Irais was tortured for a long time in an attempt to make her abnegate her faith, and then beheaded. 

One of the earliest images of Irais’s martyrdom is to be found in a Byzantine manuscript, the Menologion of Basil II. The miniature painting depicts a Roman executioner beheading Irais with a sword. On her right, there are other imprisoned Christians slated for execution.

St. Irais is usually portrayed waist-high with an orthodox cross or scroll in her hand.
#3

About icon

#4
The icon owned by the Rybinsk Museum Reserve was part of the iconostasis in an asylum church in Rybinsk. It was situated on the upper floor of a house built under a Carlo Rossi design. The house was owned by a patron of arts, Nikolay Tyumenev, whose heirs later donated it to an asylum. 

The iconostasis was painted in the 1910’s as a graduation project by students of the Moscow Stroganov Art School. The students were supervised by Vladimir Yegorov, later a famous film scene designer who worked for directors like Vsevolod Meyerhold, Ivan Pyryev, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and others. 

In the icon of the Rybinsk Museum Reserve, the young painters depicted Irais against a starry sky background with a Holy Face image in her hands. In the margins around, there are fancy flowers, with a mythical bird of Ancient Russian legends, Sirin, sitting and singing in a flower bud. According to those legends, Sirin would fly to gardens and sing in a sad and wonderful voice so that all who heard it would go mad. Sirin was thought to be a bearer of bad news. 

The students painted the icon on a wooden board covered with fine cloth and several layers of primer coating, gesso, made of chalk and glue matter. The paint was tempera, i. e. powdered pigments dissolved in yolk. In those years, oil and turpentine varnish would be added, and the ready-made image would be finally coated with oil varnish. 

After the revolution, local historians strove to preserve the asylum church hosting the icon. However, of the 70 church decoration items only a few were saved. Over time, the icon grew darker but experts of the Moscow Academic Art School restored it to its original state in 2006.

#5
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Martyr Irais

Creation period
Early 20th century
Dimensions
22.4х18.2 cm
Technique
Wood, tempera
0
Point your smartphone camera to open in the app
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To see AR mode in action:
  1. Install ARTEFACT app for 
  2. iOS or Android;
  3. Find and download the «Paintings in Details» exhibition
  4. Push the «Augmented reality» button and point your phone's camera at the painting;
  5. Watch what happens on your phone screen whilst you flip through the pictures.
 
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