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Butter-churn

Creation period
Early 19th century
Technique
Forging, carving, polishing on wood, metal
7
Open in app
#1
Butter-churn
#4
Home-made butter- tkhu - has always been an essential ingredient in the Adyghe diet. It was made of fresh milk in special vessels, butter-churns. 

The butter preparation process, Adyghe style, started in the evening. Milk was boiled and left to stand overnight. The next morning, the settled cream was put into the churn and beaten with a dasher while morning milk, still hot, was being gradually mixed in. 

The Circassians added butter to numerous dishes of the national cuisine. It was served for cakes and polenta (mamalyga), put into tea, mixed with honey and nuts. The so-called spring butter churned from cow milk in May was considered the best and most delicious.
#7
But their favourite was drawn butter. To make it, they melted butter hot until it became brownish. Such kind of butter became grained structure, more savoury and stored longer.
Drawn butter was widely used for roasting, stewing and even boiling when cooking lots of main dishes. Onions and paprika for soup were pan-fried in drawn butter; it was added to different cooked cereals and pastries.
#9
Fresh butter was beaten in the churn. Its cylindrical body consisted of eight wooden planks fastened with metal hoops. The bottom was round and was attached to the body with the help of grooves.
In order to make the churn strong and leak-proof, at a certain stage in the process of making, it was placed in water. The wood swelled thus making the planks fit tighter together and the gaps between them shrank.
#10
The vessel had a lid on top with a hole through which a dasher, a staff with a cross-point screw at the end, was inserted. 

Butter-churns, along with other household items and kitchenware, were made of wood. Circassia was rich in forests, therefore woodwork became one of the first crafts mastered by the Adyghes. Typically, to create different articles, Adyghe craftsmen worked with mahogany, oakwood, hazelwood, pearwood, harewood, and boxwood. In the traditional Adyghe house, plates and spoons, dishes and trays, rolling pins and soup ladles, along with all kinds of scoops, washtubs and mortars were wooden. Carved wooden folders were used to keep drawings in; home-made cheese was prepared in wicker baskets; special wooden planks with notches were used by seamstresses to wind on galloons, fragments of gold or silver lace.
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Butter-churn

Creation period
Early 19th century
Technique
Forging, carving, polishing on wood, metal
7
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