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Hunter skis (podvoloki)

Creation period
second half of the 19th century
Place of сreation
Obdorsk, Tyumen Region, Russia
Dimensions
222х23 cm
Technique
coniferous wood, deer skin
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#1
Hunter skis (podvoloki)
#2
In 1904, hunter skis (podvoloki) became part of the collection of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum, having been gifted by the beneficiary of the Obdorsk Spiritual Mission (present: Salekhard). Presumably, they were made in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century.

Hunter skis are light, long and wide skis made of pine, cedar, or spruce and specially adapted for deep snow. For this pair, the master made a high step platform carved from a single piece of wood in the shape of a foot. From above, the platform was closed with birch bark, while the fastening was made of three loops for the toe, heel, and leg lift. This allowed the skis not to slip off the hunter’s foot and improved control of the course.
#5
The sliding surface of the skis
The master covered the sliding surface of the skis with strips of tanned skin from the feet of a deer, the so-called climbing skins. The deer’s fur made it slightly harder to glide and slow down, but the direction of the lint prevented the ski from slipping back, which made it possible to climb very steep slopes. Climbing skins made the move almost silent, and the hunter could get close to the beast without fear of scaring it. In the past, the Northern Mansi pasted their skis with otter fur as the most moisture-resistant, and the uncut nose of the animal was pulled over the toe of the ski. But that hunter ski quickly fell into disrepair. Ski glue was made from fish scales, bones, elk horns, and lint-free deer skins.
#13
Hunter skis were used in winter on soft snow during a multi-day hunting by both men and women. The masters also made special skis for children who learned to walk on them from the age of 6-7. Wide skis did not allow to fall into the snow. To prevent the shoes from getting wet, a protective bag made of light fabric was additionally nailed around the attachment. While walking on the slopes, the hunters used a ski stick called koyk. Most often, it was made from spruce. There was a snow shovel at one end of the koyk, and a ring at the other. The koyk was held in the left hand.
#11
Besides hunter skis, the Khanty have used leather mitten skis, or board skis, made of roughly processed wood without a bump in the middle. The sliding part of the board skis was not covered with fur. Their wooden step platform is lower than that of the hunter skis, and is also covered with birch bark so that the foot does not slip. Board skis were used for speed of movement on the snow crust, or on lake and river ice that is harmful to the pile of the climbing skins.

Skis with a step platform were traditional for the Northern peoples for many centuries, but by the end of the 19th century, due to the complex manufacturing technology, they were used much less often. 
#14
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Hunter skis (podvoloki)

Creation period
second half of the 19th century
Place of сreation
Obdorsk, Tyumen Region, Russia
Dimensions
222х23 cm
Technique
coniferous wood, deer skin
0
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