Core sample is a sample of a subsurface rock extracted from a borehole. A sample of rock material in a form of a cylindrical column taken during drilling for the purpose of further study. It serves as a material for various laboratory tests.

These samples are a source of valuable information about the geological structure of the earth’s interior, sedimentation conditions and material composition of rocks. The core sample can be used to determine the porosity, permeability, oil and gas saturation of the rock. In order to drill out a core sample, a special tool called coring device is used, which is a probing mechanism which a drill on the head of the device.

Core samples that are stored in the local lore museum comes from the coastal facie. The core was recovered by oil workers while drilling a well on the Volga Upland on a depth of 2 km. Definitions and scientific description were compiled by scientist A.A. Yarkov. The age of the discovery dates back to the Devonian period of the Paleozoic era.