A kashmau is a Bashkir headdress for married women that is a kind of cap sewn with coral, with a long lobe sewn behind it that goes down the back. The cap was sewn from canvas and covered with red cloth. It left the back of the head open. In the old days, the kashmau was worn along with another headdress that covered the back of the head.

Corals played a leading role in how the kashmau was designed, and it was used in conjunction with silver pieces sewed on. Circles made of coral, and small and large coins, were sewn on the cap around the hole. 

At the beginning of the 20th century, according to the testimony of the ethnographer Sergei Rudenko, in the south of Bashkiria middle-aged women wore kashmau on a headscarf, and the elderly wore it on a towel-like headband, a tastar. Only wealthy families had kashmaus.

In the past, kashmaus were not well-known everywhere. The territory where it was worn covered the southern and southwestern distircts of Bashkiria, and the Orenburg Region. At the beginning of the 20th century, the kashmau was part of the festive costume for the Bashkir-Burzyan, Tangaur, Usergan, Tamyanets, and Yurmatynets. Among the Demsk Mins, the headdress spread, apparently under the influence of immigrants from the South Urals who appeared in that area in more recent centuries.