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Diptych “Crucifixion. Fatherhood”

Creation period
the mid-16th century
Place of сreation
Russia
Dimensions
9,5x8x1,5 cm
Technique
silver, wood, copper alloy; carving, filigree, gilding
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The diptych in a gilded silver frame is distinguished by its relief design and exquisite carving. Its panels are relief sculptural miniatures. There is a multi-figure composition “Crucifixion” on the left panel and “Fatherhood” on the right one.

The diptych is distinguished by unique iconography and a number of unusual details. In the center of the left panel is the Crucifixion of Jesus depicted against a complex architectural background with cathedrals. The artist used an extended composition. Mourning angels are flying towards the crucified Christ just above the crossbar, while Roman soldiers and groups of saints stand to the left and right of Jesus, and at the foot of the cross, there is a skull and the head of Adam.

This icon is distinguished by the unique depiction of soldiers with the instruments of the Passion standing next to the cross — this is an expressive and rare detail in traditional Russian iconography. The soldiers wear full body armor and cone-shaped helmets. One of them holds a spear, while the other one holds a reed with a sponge atop it and a pitcher of vinegar. They are depicted in a prominent area in the center of the icon, closer to Jesus than the saints. In this way, the artist emphasized the themes of torture and suffering.

Unlike in most miniatures of that period, the warriors do not stand on the same level as the saints but rather further away from the foreground. Such interpretation of artistic images, attributes, and architecture is found in the works of 16th-century Greek icon painters, for example, in the 1535 icon “Crucifixion” (kept in the Monastery of Great Lavra, Mount Athos).

The right panel is occupied by the composition titled “Fatherhood”. Its unique feature is the image of the Lamb as a symbol of sacrifice instead of the traditional Holy Spirit in the form of a dove together with Lord Sabaoth (God the Father) and the Christ Child.

The circle with the Lamb of God is in the center of the sphere surrounding the throne of God the Father. In the four corners of the composition, there are the symbols of the evangelists. Both compositions illustrate the theme of sacrifice that is foreordained and foreknown.

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Diptych “Crucifixion. Fatherhood”

Creation period
the mid-16th century
Place of сreation
Russia
Dimensions
9,5x8x1,5 cm
Technique
silver, wood, copper alloy; carving, filigree, gilding
0
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To see AR mode in action:
  1. Install ARTEFACT app for 
  2. iOS or Android;
  3. Find and download the «Paintings in Details» exhibition
  4. Push the «Augmented reality» button and point your phone's camera at the painting;
  5. Watch what happens on your phone screen whilst you flip through the pictures.
 
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