A fragment of the lamellar armor of a Jurchen warrior is kept in the museum of Spassk-Dalny.

Lamellar armor is a general term for armor made of metal plates that were connected to each other using a cord. Such armor existed either as a cuirass-like corset consisting of chest and back plates, or as a lamellar coat extending to the knees with slits in the front and back. In both cases, it was complemented by shoulder pieces made of lamellar plates.

The plates of different armors could vary in size — from very small ones, which mobility approached that of chainmail, to large ones, almost the size of an adult’s palm. The latter constituted relatively immobile but strong armor.

In the early 11th century, Jurchen tribes experienced significant iron deficiency. Therefore, a particular scale of material values was developed within the state. At the top of this scale were metallic items, especially iron weapons and, foremost, metallic armors.

In addition to its main functions, armor symbolized the wealth, power and influence of its owner. Chroniclers of that time pointed out that the purchase of four sets of armor was a significant event. Moreover, the appearance of new armor among rivals was perceived by neighbors as deliberate provocation and challenge.

The shortage of iron raw materials and armor craftsmen forced Jurchen princes and elders to look for opportunities to import armor from abroad. Imported weapons and raw materials were very expensive, so armor was often confiscated from the population living near the Jurchen borders.

The reserves of armor were replenished through various means, but there was still a shortage. In the absence of armor, warriors used thick fur coats made from animal skins for body protection in battle. They also wore vests made of leather or felt, reinforced with bone plates and wide leather belts adorned with large bronze overlays. Only tribal chiefs and their personal retinues wore iron armor.

Thanks to the consolidation of tribes in the second half of the 11th century, the Jurchens began to establish their own metalworking bases. Mass production of armor was launched.