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Magazine “Galchyonok”

Creation period
1911
1
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#1
A. Radakov
Magazine ‘Galchyonok’ 
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In 1911, a group of satirists and caricaturists under the supervision of Aleksei Radakov decided to create a completely new children’s magazine called “Galchyonok.”

A. Radakov got his friends together. Among them were: A. Benois, M. Dobuzhinsky, A. Arnshtam, H. Narbut, S. Gorodetsky, A. Averchenko, I. Bilibin, M. Gorky, A. Kuprin and others. Their ethical and aesthetic views were openly declared in publications of the magazine.
Alexey Alexandrovich Radakov (1879—1942) — an artist and editor of the satirical magazines “Satyricon”, “Begemot”, “Laughter”.
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I knew that it was a difficult task. Creating a new type of magazine, which would be fun, with pictures and funny stories that would evoke laughter and happiness in children and also suit parents and teachers was hard. It was also not clear what type of magazine it would be; I only knew that it was necessary to… create something completely different from all those “Sincere words, ” “Protalinkas, ” “Fireflies, ” etc. released at the time.I knew that it was a difficult task. Creating a new type of magazine, which would be fun, with pictures and funny stories that would evoke laughter and happiness in children and also suit parents and teachers was hard. It was also not clear what type of magazine it would be; I only knew that it was necessary to… create something completely different from all those “Sincere words, ” “Protalinkas, ” “Fireflies, ” etc. released at the time.
A. Radakov
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First cover of the magazine “Galchyonok”. 1911
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One should never forget that putting yourself in the place of children and becoming understandable to them does not mean augmenting reality<…> that simplifying is not equivalent to distorting. That is why it’s so difficult to work for children. Often, very complex content has to be put into a very easy form. It is necessary to visit their world; it is critical to recall one’s own childhood while working for them…
A. Radakov, editor of the magazine “Galchyonok”
A. Radakov’s colorful cover illustration needed to grab the attention of children with its absurdity, but he also disguised the political position of the magazine and his own standpoint within the picture.

A hunter looking through a telescope stands on Galchyonok’s back and writes down all of his observations. On the hunter’s shoulder a messenger bag bursts with ‘Galchyonok’ magazines, scattering them all over the world. A hot air balloon, an owl, and the planet Saturn orbit Galchyonok, but most notably, one of his talons is occupied with a schoolboy holding on for dear life and the other with a briefcase.
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The jolly group overcomes traditional idyllic values – a monastery, a forest, a fisherman in a boat, a sheepherder and the distraught mother of the schoolboy drop away below. They fly in search of adventures, discoveries, and new knowledge.

This picture hints at the contents of the magazine. The pages of ‘Galchyonok’ contained everything – literary novelties such as stories, poems, drawings, comics, and scientific explanations about ‘everything in the world’ sometimes translated from foreign children’s magazines, as well as intellectual and creative activities. Radakov and his authors even knew how to expertly adapt dry information from scientific literature and current news to children’s learning patterns and present it in a fun and enjoyable way, usually with the aid of funny pictures.
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The magazine contained many funny and satirical comics, the author of which was Radakov himself. He especially daringly joked about the school system. The 1st of September is a parade of stereotypes of teachers and students. Here, ridicule is directed at boredom, which radiates from certain subjects, and ostentatious pathos, which was supposed to add seriousness to some topics but instead resulted in awkwardness and mirth.
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The magazine was released weekly, so it was decided that the best way to create a sense of anticipation among readers for the next issue was to create a series of ‘to be continued’ comics. Beginning with the first issue, A. A Radakov launched a series called ‘The little devil at school.’ The 

Russian pedagogical society was not ready for that type of humor about schools.
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The magazine offered funny challenges, which readers could complete in for a reward — a free subscription to the magazine for a year. The first competition consisted of guessing what animals a fantasy beast was composed of, which the illustrator 'stitched together’ out of body parts from different animals.
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The magazine editors took a completely revolutionary step – publishing the best children’s works on the magazine’s pages – stories and illustrations on given topics, and declared a competition for it. This initiative evoked a very critical response from supporters of the traditional mindset towards children and children’s literature, not having seen a unique perception in them that would be distinct from that of adults.

The editor’s and authors’ declarations that a kid ‘learns while playing’ seemed sacrilegious to hypocrites and pedagogues.

They were convinced: ‘'Galchyonok' brings unquestionable harm to the entire society, ” publication of children’s poems and drawings plants seeds of vanity and conceit in the budding souls of young authors. It is completely unallowable for the youngest children to address sociopolitical topics in publication and publish caricatures and comics that ruin the tastes of the young generation. These aggressive criticisms called for shutting down the magazine because it was a ‘hotbed of debauchery and free-thinking’.
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Meanwhile, the magazine was hugely popular among children. If traditional parents refused to fill out a subscription for such a radical magazine, then their children secretly bought individual issues from newsstands. They then gave the issues they finished reading to their school friends on the condition of complete secrecy, much like underground literature.

Under pressure and after a severe persecution Radakov left the magazine. A new ‘proper’ editing team, having changed the position of the magazine, lost readers, and ‘Galchyonok’ closed in 1913 after a two-year run.

Alexandre Benois bitterly wrote: ‘People who lovingly raised the real “Galchyonok” were forced to leave it in the hands of fate, and after that, not even having a change to fly, it fell to his death.’ He was pained by the fact that now, students had to once again be content with the cheap cousin of literature and graphics, and they are again forced to consume ‘the inept nonsense which specialists of children’s reading and art develop’. However, the fact that the new Galchyonok lost readers pleased him, because it showed they had good taste.

In 1915 Alexandre Benois and many authors of “Galchyonok” supported the continuation of publication of kid’s stories and drawings started with the fallen magazine in 1911. That is how ‘Our magazine’ began.
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Magazine “Galchyonok”

Creation period
1911
1
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