The dirham coin of 1352–1353, presented in the permanent exhibition “Relics from the Battle of Kulikovo” has traces of patina; its surface is worn. This is an oval-shaped coin with an uneven edge; the obverse and reverse of the coin feature inscriptions in Arabic script. The front side has a fragment of a round frame, the reverse — a fragment of a curved vignette frame.
The Horde dirham is a silver coin of the Golden Horde. It was known in the East Slavic territories from the late 13th century to the first decades of the 15th century. It weighed 1.4–1.5 grams. Like Kufic coins, Horde dirhams did not depict any rulers: instead they featured ornamental frames around Arabic inscriptions containing the names of rulers, the year and place of issue.
The coin was issued at the Gülistan Mint, which worked during the reign of Janibek Khan. The mint used the stamps from the capital — New Sarai — to issue the first coins. In the 1350s, these two centers of minting provided most of the silver coins in the Golden Horde.
Janibek Khan was the ruler of the Golden Horde, the third son of Uzbek Khan. Janibek came to power after his supporters murdered his brothers — Tinibek Khan and Khyzyr. He pursued a policy of strengthening central authority and intervening in the affairs of vassal principalities. Nevertheless, Janibek Khan was called “kind” in Russian chronicles.
The only raid on Russia during Janibek’s entire reign took place in 1347 in the vicinity of Aleksin, Tula Oblast. After Janibek’s death in 1357, the Golden Horde experienced a troubled time known in Russian as “Velikaya zamyatnya”. The Gülistan Mint, and probably the settlement itself, vanished — the last known coins with this name are dated 768 according to the Hijri era (the Muslim calendar differs from the Gregorian one).
After Janibek’s death, the Golden Horde experienced almost 25 years of general unrest and struggle for power. Only by 1380 one of the descendants of Genghis Khan — Khan Tokhtamysh — managed to gain a firm foothold and take the throne. He ruled the Golden Horde from 1380 to 1395. In addition to military accomplishments, he is famous for minting the Horde dirham with a high silver content.
The Horde dirham is a silver coin of the Golden Horde. It was known in the East Slavic territories from the late 13th century to the first decades of the 15th century. It weighed 1.4–1.5 grams. Like Kufic coins, Horde dirhams did not depict any rulers: instead they featured ornamental frames around Arabic inscriptions containing the names of rulers, the year and place of issue.
The coin was issued at the Gülistan Mint, which worked during the reign of Janibek Khan. The mint used the stamps from the capital — New Sarai — to issue the first coins. In the 1350s, these two centers of minting provided most of the silver coins in the Golden Horde.
Janibek Khan was the ruler of the Golden Horde, the third son of Uzbek Khan. Janibek came to power after his supporters murdered his brothers — Tinibek Khan and Khyzyr. He pursued a policy of strengthening central authority and intervening in the affairs of vassal principalities. Nevertheless, Janibek Khan was called “kind” in Russian chronicles.
The only raid on Russia during Janibek’s entire reign took place in 1347 in the vicinity of Aleksin, Tula Oblast. After Janibek’s death in 1357, the Golden Horde experienced a troubled time known in Russian as “Velikaya zamyatnya”. The Gülistan Mint, and probably the settlement itself, vanished — the last known coins with this name are dated 768 according to the Hijri era (the Muslim calendar differs from the Gregorian one).
After Janibek’s death, the Golden Horde experienced almost 25 years of general unrest and struggle for power. Only by 1380 one of the descendants of Genghis Khan — Khan Tokhtamysh — managed to gain a firm foothold and take the throne. He ruled the Golden Horde from 1380 to 1395. In addition to military accomplishments, he is famous for minting the Horde dirham with a high silver content.
